Does Debt Relief Hurt Your Credit?
If you’re drowning in overdue, ballooning bills, you’ve likely heard of debt relief.
Debt relief can look like different things, whether it’s consolidating multiple credit card balances through a debt consolidation loan or going as far as declaring bankruptcy when you just can’t pay anything off.
Depending on which route you take, your credit score can take a serious hit, sometimes around 100 points. That doesn’t mean debt relief is always the wrong call, but it’s worth understanding the trade-off before you sign up.
Here’s what each type of debt relief does to your credit and how long the damage can last.
How debt relief affects your credit
Compare debt relief options
How does debt relief work?
Debt relief is a broad term for any strategy that helps you reduce, restructure or eliminate what you owe. The most common options are through debt consolidation, debt management plans, debt settlement and bankruptcy.
Debt consolidation rolls multiple debts into one loan or balance transfer card. Debt management plans let you repay the full amount through a nonprofit credit counselor, often at a lower interest rate. Debt settlement lets you negotiate with creditors to pay less than the full balance. Bankruptcy is a legal process that can discharge debt entirely or restructure it under court supervision.
How can debt relief affect your credit score?
The impact on your credit depends on which type of debt relief you pursue.
- Debt consolidation: Consolidation can help or hurt your credit, depending on how you do it. For example, if you open a new balance transfer card, the hard inquiry and new account can temporarily lower your score. But if you pay it down consistently, your score can recover and actually improve over time.
- Debt management plans: These plans tend to do less damage to your credit since you’re still repaying the full balance.
- Debt settlement: Settlement typically does the most damage because it requires you to stop making payments while negotiations are underway. Those missed payments get reported to the credit bureaus and can cause your score to drop significantly before a settlement is even reached — in some cases, around 100 points. Once a debt is settled, it appears on your credit report as “settled for less than the full amount,” which signals risk to lenders and can stay on your report for up to seven years.
- Bankruptcy: Declaring bankryptcy carries the most severe long-term consequences as it can stay on your report for up to seven to 10 years, depending on the type you file.
How does debt relief appear on your credit report?
How debt relief appears on your credit report depends on the type you pursue.
If you go through a debt management plan, your accounts may be noted as enrolled in a plan but no derogatory mark is added.
A settled account is typically marked “settled for less than the full amount” and can remain on your credit report for up to seven years. Missed payments made during the settlement negotiation period are reported separately and can also remain on your report for seven years from the date of the first missed payment.
A Chapter 7 bankruptcy can stay on your report for up to 10 years, while a Chapter 13 can stay up to seven years.
Is debt relief worth the hit to your credit?
Whether debt relief is worth the hit to your credit depends on where your credit stands before you pursue it. If you’re already missing payments, your score is likely already taking damage and settling the debt could at least stop the bleeding.
Struggling to pay off debt? Consider enlisting the help of a debt relief company
Offers in this section are from affiliate partners and selected based on a combination of engagement, product relevance, compensation, and consistent availability.
According to National Debt Relief, clients who complete its debt settlement plan can reduce their enrolled debt by an average of 20% to 25%, after fees.
How to rebuild your credit after debt relief
Rebuilding your credit after debt relief can certainly take time, but it’s possible. Here are some steps to get started:
Make every bill payment on time. Payment history is the biggest factor in your credit score, so consistency with always paying your bills on time matters more than anything else.
Open a secured credit card. If your credit is too damaged to qualify for a traditional card, a secured card can help you establish a positive track record. The Capital One Platinum Secured Credit Card is a good starting point if you can’t afford a typical $200 deposit as you may qualify with as little as $49 down, plus Capital One will automatically consider you for a higher credit line in as little as six months. Another option is the U.S. Bank Altitude® Go Secured Visa® Card, which is one of the few secured cards that lets you earn travel rewards on everyday purchases like dining and streaming, and U.S. Bank can upgrade you to an unsecured card over time.
The Capital One Platinum Secured Credit Card can help you build, or rebuild, your credit because you can be approved with no credit or bad credit.
- No annual fee
- Low minimum refundable security deposit starting at $49 to get a $200 initial credit line
- No rewards on purchases
- No welcome offer
- High APR
Highlights
Highlights shown here are provided by the issuer and have not been reviewed by CNBC Select’s editorial staff.
- No annual or hidden fees. See if you’re approved in seconds
- Building your credit? Using the Capital One Platinum Secured card responsibly could help
- Put down a refundable security deposit starting at $49 to get at least a $200 initial credit line
- You could earn back your security deposit as a statement credit when you use your card responsibly, like making payments on time
- Be automatically considered for a higher credit line in as little as 6 months with no additional deposit needed
- Enjoy peace of mind with $0 Fraud Liability so that you won’t be responsible for unauthorized charges
- Monitor your credit score with CreditWise from Capital One. It’s free for everyone
- Get access to your account 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with online banking to access your account from your desktop or smartphone, with Capital One’s mobile app
- Top rated mobile app
Balance transfer fee
- $0 at the Transfer APR, 4% of the amount of each transferred balance that posts to your account at a promotional APR that Capital One may offer to you
- You can earn travel rewards for everyday spending, a rare feature for a credit card
- No fee charged on purchases made outside the U.S.
- $15 credit for annual streaming service purchases
- Requires a $300 to $5,000 deposit to open the card
- No welcome offer
- High APR
Keep your credit utilization low. Try to use no more than 30% of your available credit at any given time.
Avoid opening too many new accounts at once. Each application triggers a hard inquiry, which can temporarily lower your score.
Monitor your credit report. Check your credit report for errors or inaccuracies (especially after debt settlement) and dispute anything that looks wrong. Over time, the negative marks from debt relief will carry less weight as your positive history builds up.
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Editorial Note: Opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Select editorial staff’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any third party.
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